Radiation dose rates now and in the future for residents neighboring restricted areas of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Age-dependent doses to the members of the public from intake of radionuclides - Part 5.
ICRP 26 , The reports of food intake investigation in ; In Japanese. The World Health Organization. Download references. Kawauchi Municipal Government, Fukushima, , Japan. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Conceived and designed the experiments: M. Performed the experiments: M. Analyzed the data: M. Wrote the paper: M. Correspondence to Noboru Takamura. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Reprints and Permissions. Sci Rep 6, Download citation. Received : 22 February Accepted : 02 June Published : 23 June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Scientific Reports By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Environmental impact Risk factors. Introduction On March 11, , a massive earthquake struck the east coast of Japan. Full size image. Results The summary of radioactive contaminants in the surveyed foods is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Summary of the radioactive contaminants survey for foods. Full size table. Table 2 Distribution of radiocesium in three items.
Figure 2. Internal effective doses due to radiocesium in Kawauchi Village, Fukushima Prefecture. Natural beta- carotene protects against the lipid oxidation and acts as a fatty acid antioxidant radio-protector.
Brassica vegetables include broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, swedes, turnips, broccoli raab, collards, cress, kale, kohlrabi, mustard, and bok choi.
Beta-carotene can be found in concentrated amounts in foods such as sweet potatoes, carrots, kale, spinach, turnip greens, winter squash, collard greens, cilantro, fresh thyme, cantaloupe, romaine lettuce and broccoli. Beans and lentils — These foods have high nucleotide concentrations. Other foods high in nucleotides include spirulina, chlorella, algae, yeast, sardines, liver, anchovies and mackerel. Potassium, magnesium, calcium and mineral rich foods — Cesium one of the radioactive elements released from the nuclear reactor will be treated by the body as if it were potassium, so a potassium deficiency would tend to make one more receptive to radioactive hazards posed by cesium, says Ingrid Naiman.
Because the biological half-life of Cs is approximately days, internal exposure by Cs continues for three months when humans intake food contaminated by Cs. Because of the long physical half-life Strontium, which is classified as an alkaline earth metal in the periodic table, can chemically replace calcium in the bone and remain there for a long time [7].
Therefore, internal radiation exposure, depending on intake of foods contaminated by radioactive materials such as Cs and 90 Sr, which have long half-lives in vivo , induces serious disease and cancer to humans. Presently, a drug called Radiogardase is used to prevent our bodies from internal radiation exposure. Radiogardase contains ferric ferrocyanide Fe 4 [Fe CN 6 ] 3 , which is an active ingredient, generally called Prussian blue.
Prussian blue binds Cs in gut lumen by an ionic changing reaction between Fe and Cs [8]. Treatment with Prussian blue increases the Cs excretion in feces.
Prussian blue is non-toxic. However, it is reported that Prussian blue shows the side effect of constipation [9,10]. Therefore, enhanced health hazard might be caused due to local radiation exposure by Cs binding with Prussian blue in the intestinal tract because of constipation induced by Prussian blue. There are some reports about the chemicals exhibiting a reduction effect on internal exposure induced by radioactive materials.
It was reported that sodium alginate ALA-Na decreases the accumulation amount of Sr in the human body to one-eighth [11]. Therefore, calcium salt of alginate ALA-Ca was also used for protection of internal radiation exposure by inhibiting absorption of Sr in vivo. ALA-Ca also decreases absorptivity and promotes the excretion of Cs.
Additionally, in the Chernobyl nuclear power accident; it was shown that apple pectin, which is polysaccharide as alginic acid, reduced Cs levels in children [15,16]. It is suggested that polysaccharides, such as alginate and apple pectin, are useful ingredients to be able to reduce the internal radiation exposure of radioactive materials. In addition, when it is exposed to radioactive Cs in our body, we must rapidly excrete Cs from the body.
It was reported that chlorothiazide and acetazolamide, known as diuretic, can enhance Cs excretion into urine [17,18]. Therefore, it is thought that the chemicals showing diuretic effects are also useful to excrete radioactive Cs from the body.
In this study, we explored various food materials and components that show inhibiting effects of absorption of Sr and promote excretion effects of Cs through urine without side effects and toxicity for the reduction of internal exposure.
Osaka, Japan. Kanagawa, Japan. Cesium standard solution ppm , strontium standard solution ppm and yttrium standard solution ppm were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Tokyo, Japan. Chondroitin sulfate ChS from shark, mainly containing chondroitin sulfate C chondroitin 6-sulfate , was obtained from Maruha Nichiro Corporation Tokyo, Japan.
Laminaran was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Green tea leaves 5. Green tea extract was freeze-dried and used as samples. The aqueous solutions obtained were freeze-dried and used as samples. Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. These samples were prepared at the concentration of 2. The animal study was carried out according to the guidelines of animal experiments at the University of shizuoka. Tokyo, Japan ad libitum.
Distilled water was administered as a positive control. After 24 hours from the administrations, the mice were dissected in order to get both femoral bones. After administrations of sample solutions, mice were housed in metabolic cages for 72 h. Urine of treated mice was collected three times every 24 h for three days.
Consumers can also call an FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinator to speak directly to a person about a complaint or adverse event. The FDA advises consumers to talk to their health care professional before deciding to purchase or use a dietary supplement.
Also, if claims sound too good to be true, they probably are. If a consumer thinks that a dietary supplement might have caused a reaction or illness, they should immediately stop using the product, contact their health care professional, and submit a complaint to the FDA using the Safety Reporting Portal.
The FDA advises that health care professionals do not recommend dietary supplements containing cesium salts to their patients.
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