This craft became known as japanning. Asian lacquer is produced in East and Southeast Asia from the sap of a number of species of trees within the Anacardiaceae family, resulting in multiple sources and types of lacquer across the continent. The resin, secreted from cuts in the bark of the tree, is collected, filtered and used as a paste, primer, glue, or finish. The initial stages of lacquer production are similar throughout Asia, but the subsequent processing, additives and application can differ significantly between regions and cultures see Technology below Kopplin In contrast, European japanning utilized many different tree resins including colophony, sandarac, and copal, as well as resins from insects, like shellac.
Organic colorants such as gamboge and dragon's blood were used to imitate the characteristic Asian designs and colors. Drying oils were added to regulate the drying process. These materials were dissolved in organic solvents and applied in layers, which were buffed to a high gloss.
This process illustrates an important distinction between Asian lacquer, which forms through solvent evaporation and polymerization, and European japanning, which forms primarily through solvent evaporation. Urushi is the latex resin or colloidal sap of a small tree from the Anacardiaceae family Rhus genus, Vermiciflua species and has been used as the primary source of lacquer in both Japan and China. Raw urushi is an oil-in-water emulsion and dries by solvent evaporation and polymerization.
The uncured monomer contains urishiol and the enzyme lacase, which are responsible for the hardening reaction. Cured urushi is a cross-linked phenolic cyclic hydrocarbon with a structure similar to contemporary plastic network polymers. Traditional lacquer in China is known as qi , and is also produced from the sap of trees in the Anacardiaceae family.
The variety of Southeast Asian lacquers consist mainly of the sap from trees within the Anacardiaceae family. Thai lacquer is produced primarily from the sap of Melanorrhoea trees, a member of this family.
The highest quality urushi was tapped directly from trees, while the lower quality was boiled out of the cut-up branches of trees already exhausted by tapping. The sap was then concentrated by boiling to yield a viscous product ready to apply to a substrate, or mix with other materials, such as flour or clay, to form a ground Thornton , Webb Common substrates used for lacquer in Japan are the wood of the hinoki Japanese cypress tree, the elm, and quince trees.
Metal was often used as a base for lacquer, especially in armor. Frequently an organic layer was used between lacquer and metal, making the finished object particularly sensitive to fluctuations in relative humidity.
A variety of other substrates known include, bamboo, fabric, paper, leather shipi , shaped rawhide used in Japan , and ceramics only in the earliest known examples — BCE, and in the last years used only as a repair method.
Organics, such as gourds, ivory, bone, tortoise-shell, horn and shell were incorporated as decorations Webb Various grounds have been used for Japanese lacquer, depending on the desired quality of the final product.
They are mainly applied to protect the surfaces of the object from moisture, oils such as from the hands, sunlight, and bacteria and fungus that can form on wood when it gets wet. It will dry very quickly after it has been applied, and will produce a durable finish. Many people confuse this type of coating with a varnish coating, but it is actually different because of the durability, color, and the chemical construction of it.
As with all other types of coatings, lacquer can be purchased as a natural or synthetic form. The natural type is manufactured directly from the lacquer gum tree, while the synthetic is made by dissolving nitrocellulose during the production process. It would take as many as 6 coats to do an auto body and was not durable or long-lived. Today, the only place that this type of lacquer paint is used is in furniture manufacturing shops. Lacquer has recently become a favorite for homeowners who want to remodel their kitchens and have a glossy finish on cabinets.
If it does show wear over time, it can be polished to resume a high sheen, or it can be applied in more matte options and a wide variety of colors. For an idea of some lacquer finishes in kitchens, visit the Pedini Miami Kitchen collections to learn more about the use of lacquer in our full turnkey projects.
Currently, Pedini Miami offers lacquer finishes with their most popular collections, including:. There are spray lacquers in clear, gloss white, and gloss black like Rust-Oleum that lend a very hard, factory-finish to wood and metal surfaces. However, for the best results, it should be professionally applied. This is the most common type of lacquer. Lacquer , a mixture of dissolved tree resin or synthetic resin in alcohol, is the sealant of choice for wood furniture.
One may also ask, what is the best lacquer for wood? Rust-Oleum Watco Lacquer Finish. Rust-Oleum Lacquer Spray. Differences between Varnish and Lacquer Both varnish and lacquer provide shiny and glossy finishes to fixture surfaces. While varnishes produce a semi-gloss or satin sheen finish, lacquers provide more sheen levels, ranging from high gloss to ultra matte. Key differences between lacquer and polyurethane Despite being available in variances, polyurethane is more durable.
It is thick and leaves a strong coating. Lacquer is thin and penetrates the wood surface. It is also durable but susceptible to scratches and discoloration after some time. Lacquer is a type of solvent-based product that is made by dissolving nitrocellulose together with plasticizers and pigments in a mixture of volatile solvents.
Lacquer also contains a solution of shellac in alcohol that creates a synthetic coating, causing it to form a high gloss surface. Is lacquer waterproof? Lacquer finishes have been used for centuries to give woodworking projects a tough, durable and water-resistant clear finish.
Today's lacquers are available in both spray and brush-on styles, but both have the advantage of being among the fastest drying of all woodworking finishes.
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